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Thomas Fryer

The History of Passenger Rail between Alberta and Montana

The Environment


The amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions saved by using diesel passenger rail instead of airlines varies depending on several factors, such as the distance traveled, the number of passengers, the fuel efficiency of the modes of transportation, and the energy sources used to generate electricity to power the rail system.

However, in general, diesel passenger rail tends to produce lower GHG emissions than airlines. According to a study by the International Energy Agency, on average, high-speed rail produces 10 times less CO2 emissions per passenger-kilometer than airlines on routes of up to 1,000 km. This is due to the higher fuel efficiency of trains, the use of electricity generated from cleaner energy sources, and the ability to transport more passengers per trip.


For example, a typical passenger rail system in the United States emits 0.2 pounds of CO2 per passenger mile, while a domestic airline emits around 0.5 pounds of CO2 per passenger mile. This means that taking the train instead of a plane can result in a GHG emissions reduction of around 60%.


It is important to note that the exact amount of GHG savings will depend on the specific circumstances of each travel scenario. However, it is clear that diesel passenger rail has the potential to significantly reduce GHG emissions compared to airlines.


The amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions saved by using diesel passenger rail instead of private automobiles varies depending on several factors, such as the distance traveled, the number of passengers, the fuel efficiency of the car, and the energy sources used to generate electricity to power the rail system.


In general, diesel passenger rail produces significantly lower GHG emissions than private automobiles. According to the US Department of Energy, the average passenger car emits 4.6 metric tons of CO2 per year, while diesel passenger rail produces about 0.3 metric tons of CO2 per passenger per year.


This means that taking the train instead of driving a car can result in a GHG emissions reduction of around 94%. Additionally, passenger rail has the ability to transport more people at once than a car, which further reduces emissions per passenger.


It is important to note that the exact amount of GHG savings will depend on the specific circumstances of each travel scenario, such as the distance traveled, the number of passengers, and the fuel efficiency of the car. However, it is clear that diesel passenger rail has the potential to significantly reduce GHG emissions compared to private automobiles.


HISTORY


Passenger rail service from Calgary to Lethbridge, Alberta dates back to the early 20th century when the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) built a line between the two cities.

The first passenger train between Calgary and Lethbridge began operating in 1905. The train, known as the "Crow's Nest," was operated by the CPR and provided service to several communities along the route, including Okotoks, High River, Claresholm, and Fort Macleod.


Over the years, several other passenger trains were added to the route, including the "Southern Alberta Express" and the "Chinook." These trains provided a convenient and efficient way for travelers to travel between Calgary and Lethbridge, and also provided an important link for trade and commerce between the two cities.


However, with the increasing popularity of automobiles and the construction of highways, passenger rail travel declined in the mid-20th century, and many of the passenger trains on the Calgary-Lethbridge route were discontinued. The last passenger train on the route, known as the "Dayliner," ceased operations in 1971.


Since then, there have been several efforts to revive passenger rail service between Calgary and Lethbridge, including proposals for a high-speed rail line, but as of 2021, there is no regular passenger rail service on the route. However, there is a daily bus service that operates between the two cities, providing a convenient alternative for travelers.


The history of passenger rail service from Sweetgrass to Great Falls, Montana dates back to the early 20th century. The route was originally operated by the Great Northern Railway, which completed its transcontinental line through Montana in 1891.


Today, the closest passenger rail service to Sweetgrass is available through Amtrak's Empire Builder route, which runs between Chicago and Seattle/Portland with stops in Montana cities such as Havre, Shelby, and Whitefish. However, passengers would need to travel by car or bus from Sweetgrass to one of these cities in order to access the Empire Builder. Re-introduction of daily service from Lethbridge to Great Falls will improve access to services and Glacier National Park.


The first passenger train to operate on the Sweetgrass-Great Falls route was the "Empire Builder," which began service in 1929. The train provided service to several communities along the route, including Shelby, Conrad, and Choteau. It was known for its luxurious amenities, including sleeping cars, a dining car, and a lounge car.


In the 1950s and 1960s, several other passenger trains were added to the route, including the "Western Star" and the "Fast Mail." These trains provided important transportation links for both passengers and freight between Sweetgrass and Great Falls.


However, with the decline in popularity of passenger rail travel in the latter half of the 20th century, many of the passenger trains on the Sweetgrass-Great Falls route were discontinued. The last passenger train to operate on the route, the "Empire Builder," ceased operations in 1979.


Since then, there have been several efforts to revive passenger rail service on the route, but as of 2021, there is no regular passenger rail service between Sweetgrass and Great Falls. The route is still used for freight transportation, however, and there are ongoing discussions about the possibility of establishing new passenger rail service in the future.


Passenger rail service between Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States dates back to the late 19th century when several railroads, including the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and Great Northern Railway (GNR), were built in the region.


In 1891, the Great Northern Railway completed its transcontinental line through Montana, connecting St. Paul, Minnesota with Seattle, Washington. The line passed through the northern part of Montana, including towns such as Shelby and Havre, and connected with the Canadian Pacific Railway in Lethbridge, Alberta, providing a direct link between the two countries.


The first passenger train between Alberta and Montana, known as the "International Limited," began service in 1897. The train traveled from Montreal, Quebec to Seattle, Washington, with stops in Lethbridge and Great Falls, Montana.


In the early 20th century, several other passenger trains were added to the route, including the "Empress" and the "Soo-Spokane-Montana-Pacific" trains. These trains were popular with tourists and provided an important link for trade and commerce between the two countries.


However, with the advent of the automobile and the construction of highways, passenger rail travel declined in the mid-20th century, and many of the passenger trains were discontinued. The International Limited was discontinued in 1961, and the last passenger train between Lethbridge and Great Falls, the "Big Sky Blue," ceased operations in 1971.


Since then, efforts have been made to revive passenger rail service between Alberta and Montana, but as of 2021, there is no regular passenger rail service between the two regions. However, there have been discussions and studies conducted to explore the feasibility of establishing a new passenger rail service in the future.


The "Big Sky Blue" was a passenger train that operated between Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada and Great Falls, Montana, United States. The train was operated by the Great Northern Railway and began service in 1967, as a replacement for the "Empire Builder" which no longer served the Lethbridge-Great Falls route.


The "Big Sky Blue" was a popular passenger train that provided service to both Canadian and American travelers. The train's route followed the Highline, which is the northernmost route of the Great Northern Railway, and passed through several small towns and scenic areas in both Canada and the United States.


The train featured air-conditioned coaches, a dining car, and lounge cars. It provided a comfortable and convenient way to travel between the two regions, and was especially popular during the summer months when tourists would travel to visit the nearby national parks and scenic areas.


However, with the declining popularity of passenger rail travel in the 1970s, the "Big Sky Blue" was discontinued in 1971. Since then, there have been several efforts to revive passenger rail service between Lethbridge and Great Falls, but as of 2021, there is no regular passenger rail service between the two regions.


The history of passenger rail service from Great Falls to Helena, Montana dates back to the late 19th century. The Northern Pacific Railway completed its line between the two cities in 1887, and the first passenger trains began operating shortly thereafter.


Over the years, several different passenger trains operated on the Great Falls-Helena route, including the "North Coast Limited" and the "Mainstreeter." These trains provided important transportation links for both passengers and freight between the two cities, and were known for their luxurious amenities and scenic views.


However, with the decline in popularity of passenger rail travel in the mid-20th century, many of the passenger trains on the Great Falls-Helena route were discontinued. The last passenger train to operate on the route was the "Empire Builder," which ceased operations in 1979.


Since then, there have been several efforts to revive passenger rail service on the route, including proposals for a commuter rail line between Great Falls and Helena. However, as of 2021, there is no regular passenger rail service between the two cities. The route is still used for freight transportation, however, and there are ongoing discussions about the possibility of establishing new passenger rail service in the future.

Integration with Airports:


Great Falls International Airport (GTF) is a public airport located in Cascade County, Montana, United States. The airport serves the city of Great Falls and the surrounding area, and is a hub for commercial and general aviation.


The airport began as Gore Field, a small airfield built in 1928 by the city of Great Falls. During World War II, the airfield was expanded and upgraded to serve as a training base for military pilots. After the war, the airfield was returned to civilian use and gradually expanded to accommodate growing commercial and general aviation traffic.

Today, Great Falls International Airport has two runways and a modern terminal building that offers a range of services and amenities for travelers. The airport is served by several major airlines, including Delta, United, and Allegiant, and offers nonstop flights to several destinations across the United States.


In addition to commercial air service, Great Falls International Airport is also a hub for general aviation and serves as an important center for air cargo transportation. The airport is home to several aviation-related businesses and organizations, and offers a range of facilities and services for private and corporate aircraft.


Lethbridge Regional Airport (YQL) is a public airport located in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. The airport serves the city of Lethbridge and the surrounding area, and is an important hub for commercial and general aviation in southern Alberta.

The airport began as a small airfield in the 1920s, and gradually expanded over the years to accommodate growing demand for air transportation. Today, Lethbridge Regional Airport has one runway and a modern terminal building that offers a range of services and amenities for travelers.


The airport is served by several major airlines, including Air Canada Jazz and WestJet, and offers nonstop flights to several destinations across Canada, including Calgary, Edmonton, and Vancouver. In addition to commercial air service, Lethbridge Regional Airport is also a hub for general aviation and serves as an important center for air cargo transportation. The airport is home to several aviation-related businesses and organizations, and offers a range of facilities and services for private and corporate aircraft.


In recent years, there have been efforts to upgrade and expand Lethbridge Regional Airport in order to meet the growing demand for air transportation in southern Alberta. These efforts have included the construction of a new air traffic control tower and the expansion of the airport's runway and taxiway system.


Calgary International Airport (YYC) is a public airport located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The airport serves the city of Calgary and the surrounding area, and is one of the busiest airports in Canada.


The airport was established in the 1930s as a small airfield, and gradually expanded over the years to accommodate growing demand for air transportation. Today, Calgary International Airport has four runways and two modern terminal buildings that offer a range of services and amenities for travelers.


The airport is served by several major airlines, including Air Canada, WestJet, and United Airlines, and offers nonstop flights to several destinations across Canada, the United States, and international destinations in Europe, Asia, and beyond.


In addition to commercial air service, Calgary International Airport is also a hub for general aviation and serves as an important center for air cargo transportation. The airport is home to several aviation-related businesses and organizations, and offers a range of facilities and services for private and corporate aircraft.


In recent years, there have been efforts to upgrade and expand Calgary International Airport in order to meet the growing demand for air transportation in the region. These efforts have included the construction of a new international terminal building, the expansion of the airport's runway and taxiway system, and the implementation of new technologies and systems to improve safety and efficiency.


Red Arrow operates two buses per day between Calgary and Lethbridge, with travel times ranging from 2 hours and 30 minutes to 2 hours and 50 minutes depending on the specific route and stops along the way. Red Arrow buses depart from Calgary's downtown bus station and arrive at Lethbridge's downtown bus station.

Cost to take the daily bus from downtown Calgary to Lethbridge is $62. Round trip cost is $124.


Integration with Ride on Demand services and Transit:


Great Falls, Montana offers several ride-on-demand services for its residents and visitors, including Uber and Lyft. These ride-sharing services allow users to request a ride from their smartphone app, and a driver will pick them up and take them to their destination.


In addition to Uber and Lyft, Great Falls also has a locally owned ride-on-demand service called "Go! Taxi". Go! Taxi offers rides throughout Great Falls and its surrounding areas and operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week.


Another ride-on-demand service in Great Falls is the "Great Falls Transit District", which offers bus and paratransit services to the community. The paratransit service provides specialized transportation for individuals with disabilities who are unable to use the fixed-route bus service.


Overall, there are several ride-on-demand services available in Great Falls, Montana, providing residents and visitors with convenient and accessible transportation options.

In addition to Uber and Lyft, Lethbridge also has a locally owned ride-on-demand service called "City Wide Taxi". City Wide Taxi offers rides throughout Lethbridge and its surrounding areas and operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week.


Another ride-on-demand service in Lethbridge is the "Lethbridge Transit", which offers bus services to the community. The bus service operates on fixed routes and provides scheduled transportation throughout the city.


Overall, there are several ride-on-demand services available in Lethbridge, Alberta, providing residents and visitors with convenient and accessible transportation options.


Integration with Same Day parcel service:


Currently, only next day service is offered by national couriers servicing the Calgary to Lethbridge corridor. Same day service will offered by the Proponent to build operating revenue.


Canada Post: Canada Post is a reliable and affordable option for sending parcels between Calgary and Lethbridge. They offer a range of services, including regular mail, express post, and priority mail. Delivery times vary depending on the service chosen.

UPS: UPS is another popular option for ground parcel service between Calgary and Lethbridge. They offer a range of services, including standard, express, and international shipping. Delivery times vary depending on the service chosen.


Purolator: Purolator is a Canadian courier company that offers ground parcel services between Calgary and Lethbridge. They offer a range of services, including express and standard shipping. Delivery times vary depending on the service chosen.


FedEx: FedEx is a global courier company that offers ground parcel services between Calgary and Lethbridge. They offer a range of services, including standard and express shipping. Delivery times vary depending on the service chosen.


Destinations Served


Montana

Sweetgrass Montana


Sweetgrass is a small unincorporated community in Toole County, Montana, located in the northwestern part of the state near the Canadian border. The town is situated along Interstate 15, which runs north-south through Montana and connects to the cities of Great Falls to the south and Shelby to the north.


Sweetgrass is best known for its port of entry on the Canadian border, which serves as an important gateway for commercial traffic between the United States and Canada. The town is also home to a few small businesses, including gas stations, restaurants, and motels that cater to travelers passing through the area.


The surrounding region is primarily rural, with agriculture and ranching playing an important role in the local economy. The Sweetgrass Hills, a range of low mountains located to the west of the town, provide a scenic backdrop and are popular with hikers and outdoor enthusiasts.


Despite its small size, Sweetgrass has a rich history. The town was founded in the late 19th century as a stop on the Great Northern Railway, and its name derives from the sweetgrass plant that grows in the surrounding prairies. Over the years, Sweetgrass has been a hub for various industries, including coal mining, oil and gas exploration, and agriculture. Today, it remains an important transportation and trade center in northwestern Montana.


Glacier National Park is a popular destination for visitors from around the world, attracting over 3 million visitors each year. Visitors come to Glacier National Park to experience the stunning natural beauty of the park, which includes glacier-carved peaks, crystal-clear lakes, and diverse wildlife.


There are several ways for visitors to access Glacier National Park, including:

By car: The park is easily accessible by car, with several main roads leading to the park, including the Going-to-the-Sun Road, which is a popular scenic drive that offers stunning views of the park.


By shuttle: The park offers a shuttle service that operates along the Going-to-the-Sun Road during the peak summer season. The shuttle provides a convenient and eco-friendly way to explore the park without the hassle of finding parking.


By train: Amtrak's Empire Builder train runs daily between Chicago and Seattle, with stops in several cities near Glacier National Park, including Whitefish and East Glacier Park. The train provides a scenic and comfortable option for visitors traveling to the park.


Amtrak’s Empire Builder offers daily service however service is limited and unable to absorb the significantly larger number of visitors seeking the service. MTAB Regional Rail will be integrated with additional shuttle services integrating with Kalispell, Great Falls, Lethbridge and Calgary International Airports.


By plane: The nearest major airport to Glacier National Park is Glacier Park International Airport in Kalispell, Montana. The airport offers several daily flights from major cities across the United States.


Once inside the park, visitors can enjoy a variety of activities, including hiking, fishing, camping, and wildlife viewing. The park also offers guided tours, ranger-led programs, and educational exhibits to help visitors learn about the park's history and natural environment.


Shelby Montana


Shelby, Montana is a small town located in Toole County in north-central Montana, near the Canadian border. The town was founded in 1891 as a major transportation hub for the Great Northern Railway, and its economy has historically been closely tied to the railroad industry.


Here is a brief overview of Shelby's history:


The town of Shelby was established in 1891 by the Great Northern Railway, which was expanding its rail network across Montana.


The town quickly became a major railroad center, with large railroad yards, repair shops, and a roundhouse. The town's location near the Canadian border made it an important stop for trains traveling between the United States and Canada.


In the early 1900s, Shelby experienced a boom in population and economic growth, fueled by the railroad industry. The town's downtown district grew rapidly, with the construction of new businesses and hotels.


During World War II, Shelby played an important role in the transportation of troops and supplies, with many military personnel passing through the town on their way to training camps and military bases in other parts of the country.


In the post-war years, Shelby's economy shifted away from the railroad industry and towards agriculture, with many local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops.

Today, Shelby is a small but vibrant community with a population of around 3,200 people. The town's economy is still closely tied to agriculture and transportation, with a number of local businesses and services catering to farmers and travelers passing through on the nearby Interstate 15.


Sunburst Montana


Sunburst, Montana is a small town located in Toole County in north-central Montana, near the Canadian border. Here is a brief overview of Sunburst's history:

Sunburst was founded in 1911 as a farming community. The town was named after a nearby geological formation known as the "Sunburst Dome."


In the early years, Sunburst's economy was driven by agriculture, with local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops. The town also served as a shipping point for livestock.


In the 1920s and 1930s, Sunburst experienced a period of rapid growth and development, with the construction of new businesses and community facilities. The town's population grew to over 1,000 people.


During World War II, Sunburst played an important role in the production of synthetic rubber. A large chemical plant was built in the nearby town of Kevin, and many local residents worked in the plant.


In the post-war years, Sunburst's economy shifted back towards agriculture, and the town's population began to decline. Today, Sunburst is a small but tight-knit community with a population of around 400 people. The town's economy is still driven by agriculture, with many local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops.


Conrad Montana


Conrad is a small town located in Pondera County, Montana, in the north-central part of the state. Here is a brief overview of Conrad's history:

The town of Conrad was founded in 1891 by settlers who were attracted to the area's fertile land and abundant water resources. The town was named after a local rancher, Charles E. Conrad.


In the early years, Conrad's economy was driven by agriculture, with local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops. The town also served as a shipping point for livestock.


Conrad experienced a period of rapid growth and development in the early 20th century, with the construction of new businesses, community facilities, and a railroad line connecting the town to Great Falls.


During World War II, Conrad played an important role in the production of synthetic rubber. A large chemical plant was built in the nearby town of Kevin, and many local residents worked in the plant.


In the post-war years, Conrad's economy shifted back towards agriculture, and the town's population began to decline. Today, Conrad is a small but thriving community with a population of around 2,500 people. The town's economy is still driven by agriculture, with many local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops. Conrad is also home to several small businesses, including restaurants, shops, and service providers.


Vaughn Montana


Vaughn is a small town located in Cascade County, Montana, in the north-central part of the state. Here is a brief overview of Vaughn's history:


The area that is now Vaughn was originally home to Native American tribes, including the Blackfeet, who used the land for hunting and fishing.


In the late 19th century, European settlers began to arrive in the area, drawn by the rich soil and abundant water resources. The town of Vaughn was founded in 1892, and was named after one of the early settlers, John Vaughn.


In the early years, Vaughn's economy was driven by agriculture, with local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops. The town also served as a shipping point for livestock.


Vaughn experienced a period of growth and development in the early 20th century, with the construction of new businesses, community facilities, and a railroad line connecting the town to Great Falls.


During World War II, Vaughn played an important role in the production of synthetic rubber. A large chemical plant was built in the nearby town of Kevin, and many local residents worked in the plant.


In the post-war years, Vaughn's economy shifted back towards agriculture, and the town's population began to decline. Today, Vaughn is a small but thriving community with a population of around 650 people. The town's economy is still driven by agriculture, with many local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops. Vaughn is also home to several small businesses, including restaurants, shops, and service providers.


Choteau is a town located in Teton County, Montana, in the north-central part of the state. Here is a brief overview of Choteau's history:


The area that is now Choteau was originally home to Native American tribes, including the Blackfeet and the Shoshone. Lewis and Clark passed through the area in 1805 on their famous expedition, and described it as a "handsome level plain."


European settlers began to arrive in the area in the mid-19th century, drawn by the rich soil and abundant water resources. The town of Choteau was founded in 1883, and was named after French fur trader and pioneer Pierre Chouteau Jr.


In the early years, Choteau's economy was driven by agriculture, with local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops. The town also served as a shipping point for livestock, and had a thriving lumber industry.


Choteau experienced a period of growth and development in the early 20th century, with the construction of new businesses, community facilities, and a railroad line connecting the town to Great Falls.


During World War II, Choteau played an important role in the production of synthetic rubber. A large chemical plant was built in the nearby town of Kevin, and many local residents worked in the plant.


In the post-war years, Choteau's economy shifted back towards agriculture, and the town's population began to decline. Today, Choteau is a small but thriving community with a population of around 1,700 people. The town's economy is still driven by agriculture, with many local farmers growing wheat, barley, and other crops. Choteau is also home to several small businesses, including restaurants, shops, and service providers. The town is known for its beautiful natural surroundings, including the nearby Rocky Mountains and the Missouri River.


Great Falls Montana


Great Falls is a city in the state of Montana, located in the north-central part of the state. It has a population of around 58,000 people, making it the third-largest city in Montana after Billings and Missoula.


The city was named after the series of waterfalls on the Missouri River that runs through the city. The falls were named by Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805, who described them as "the grandest sight I ever beheld."


Great Falls was incorporated as a city in 1888 and played an important role in the development of the American West, serving as a center for transportation, commerce, and industry. The city was a hub for steamboat traffic on the Missouri River and later became an important railroad center, with several rail lines converging in the city.

Today, Great Falls is a thriving city with a diverse economy that includes agriculture, manufacturing, healthcare, education, and tourism. The city is also home to several historic sites, including the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center, the Ursuline Centre, and the Paris Gibson Square Museum of Art.


Great Falls is a city located in Cascade County, Montana, in the north-central part of the state. Here is a brief overview of Great Falls' history:


The area that is now Great Falls was originally home to Native American tribes, including the Blackfeet, Salish, and Kootenai. The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed through the area in 1805 and encountered the Great Falls of the Missouri River, which gave the city its name.


European settlers began to arrive in the area in the mid-19th century, drawn by the fertile soil and abundant water resources. The town of Great Falls was founded in 1883 and quickly became a center of commerce and industry.


Great Falls was home to one of the largest hydroelectric dams in the world, which was built on the Missouri River in the early 20th century. The dam provided electricity to the city and helped to fuel the growth of local industries.


During World War II, Great Falls played an important role in the production of aircraft for the military. The city's economy boomed during this time, and many new businesses and housing developments were built.


In the post-war years, Great Falls' economy shifted towards services and tourism. The city is home to several museums, including the C.M. Russell Museum, which celebrates the work of Western artist Charles M. Russell.


Today, Great Falls is a thriving community with a population of around 58,000 people. The city's economy is driven by services, healthcare, and retail, and the area is home to several colleges and universities. Great Falls is known for its natural beauty, including the Missouri River, the Rocky Mountains, and several nearby national parks.


Links to Alberta


Calgary Alberta


Calgary is a city located in the southern part of the province of Alberta, Canada. Here is a brief overview of Calgary's history:


The area that is now Calgary was originally inhabited by Indigenous peoples, including the Blackfoot, Tsuu T'ina, and Stoney Nakoda First Nations.


In 1875, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police established a fort in the area, which they named Fort Calgary after the Scottish village of Calgary. The fort was used as a base for policing the Canadian West.


The arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1883 helped to spur the growth of Calgary as a commercial center. The city became a hub for transportation and shipping, and a center of trade for the surrounding agricultural regions.


Calgary experienced a boom in the early 20th century, fueled by the discovery of oil in the nearby Turner Valley in 1914. The city became a major center for the oil and gas industry, which continues to be an important part of its economy today.


In 1988, Calgary hosted the Winter Olympics, which helped to raise the city's profile on the international stage. The event also led to the construction of several new sports facilities and public amenities.


Today, Calgary is a thriving city with a population of around 1.4 million people. The city is home to several major corporations, including many in the energy sector, as well as a vibrant arts and culture scene. Calgary is known for its outdoor recreational opportunities, including skiing, hiking, and mountain biking, as well as its proximity to the Canadian Rockies.


Calgary is also home to a thriving culinary scene, with a wide range of restaurants, cafes, and food trucks offering everything from traditional Canadian dishes to international cuisine. The city is particularly known for its Alberta beef, which is considered some of the best in the world.


In addition to its economic and cultural offerings, Calgary is also known for its festivals and events, including the famous Calgary Stampede, which takes place every July and celebrates the city's western heritage with rodeos, concerts, and other activities.


Okotoks Alberta


Okotoks is a town located in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, approximately 18 kilometers south of Calgary, in the province of Alberta, Canada. Here is a brief overview of Okotoks' history:


The area that is now Okotoks was originally inhabited by Indigenous peoples, including the Blackfoot, Tsuu T'ina, and Stoney Nakoda First Nations.


In the late 19th century, European settlers began to arrive in the area, attracted by the fertile land and abundant water supply.


The town of Okotoks was established in 1904, with the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The town was named after the Blackfoot word for "rock" (okatok).


Okotoks experienced a period of growth in the early 20th century, fueled by the development of irrigation systems and the expansion of the local agricultural industry.

In the 1980s, Okotoks experienced a boom in population growth, driven in part by its proximity to Calgary and the growth of the oil and gas industry in the region.


Today, Okotoks is a thriving town with a population of around 30,000 people. The town is known for its picturesque downtown area, its recreational opportunities (including the nearby Sheep River), and its growing arts and culture scene. Okotoks is also home to several major employers, including a large oil and gas company and several manufacturing firms.


Vulcan Alberta


Vulcan is a town located in southern Alberta, Canada, approximately 130 kilometers southeast of Calgary. The town is named after the Roman god of fire, and has adopted a Star Trek theme due to the similarity of its name to the fictional planet Vulcan from the Star Trek franchise.


The area around Vulcan was originally settled by homesteaders in the late 19th century, and the town was incorporated in 1912. Today, Vulcan is a small town with a population of around 1,800 people. It is home to a number of Star Trek-themed attractions, including a replica of the USS Enterprise and a space-themed tourist information center. The town is also known for its agriculture, particularly its wheat and canola crops.



Champion Alberta


Champion is a village in southern Alberta, Canada, located approximately 145 kilometers southeast of Calgary. The village was named after the Champion family, who were early settlers in the area. The area around Champion was originally settled in the early 1900s, primarily by homesteaders who were attracted to the fertile agricultural land in the region.


The village of Champion was incorporated in 1910, and the first train arrived in the village in 1912, which helped to spur growth and development in the area. Today, Champion has a population of around 350 people and serves as a center for agriculture and other rural industries in the region.


Carmangay Alberta


Carmangay is a village located in southern Alberta, Canada, approximately 105 kilometers south of Calgary. The village is situated in the heart of the Alberta prairies, surrounded by vast fields of wheat and other crops.


The area around Carmangay was originally settled in the early 20th century by homesteaders who were attracted to the fertile agricultural land in the region. The village of Carmangay was incorporated in 1910, and today has a population of around 250 people.


Carmangay is known for its agricultural heritage, and is home to a number of farms and ranches that produce wheat, canola, and other crops. The village is also home to a number of local businesses and community organizations, including a community center, library, and museum.


Barons


Barons is a small village located in southern Alberta, Canada, approximately 60 kilometers north of Lethbridge. The village is situated in the heart of the Alberta prairies, surrounded by vast fields of wheat and other crops.


The area around Barons was originally settled in the early 20th century by homesteaders who were attracted to the fertile agricultural land in the region. The village of Barons was incorporated in 1910, and today has a population of around 325 people.


Barons is known for its agricultural heritage, and is home to a number of farms and ranches that produce wheat, canola, and other crops. The village is also home to a number of local businesses and community organizations, including a community center, library, and museum.


Nobleford Alberta


Nobleford is a small town in southern Alberta, Canada, located about 30 kilometers north of Lethbridge. The town is situated in the heart of the Alberta prairies, surrounded by vast fields of wheat and other crops.


The town was established in the early 20th century as a stop on the Canadian Pacific Railway, which helped to spur growth in the area. Today, Nobleford has a population of around 1,200 people, and is known for its strong agricultural industry.


Nobleford is home to a number of local businesses and community organizations, including a community center, library, and museum. The town is also known for its commitment to sustainability and environmental stewardship, and has implemented a number of initiatives aimed at reducing waste and promoting renewable energy.


Coalhurst Alberta


Coalhurst is a town located in southern Alberta, Canada, about 10 kilometers northwest of Lethbridge. The town is situated in the heart of the Alberta prairies, and is surrounded by vast fields of wheat and other crops.


Coalhurst was originally founded as a coal mining town in the early 20th century, and the town's name reflects its historical roots. Today, Coalhurst has a population of around 2,800 people, and is primarily a bedroom community for those who work in nearby Lethbridge.


Despite its relatively small size, Coalhurst has a number of local amenities and services, including a community center, library, and sports fields. The town is also known for its strong community spirit, and residents come together for a number of annual events and celebrations throughout the year.


Lethbridge Alberta


Lethbridge is a city in southern Alberta, Canada, located approximately 220 km south of Calgary and 80 km north of the United States border. It is the third-largest city in the province after Calgary and Edmonton and is home to a population of around 100,000 people.


Lethbridge was named after William Lethbridge, a member of the North-West Mounted Police who had served in southern Alberta during the 1880s. The city is situated in the Oldman River valley and is surrounded by agricultural land, making it an important hub for the region's farming industry.


Lethbridge is also home to several post-secondary institutions, including the University of Lethbridge and Lethbridge College. The city has a vibrant cultural scene, with numerous festivals and events throughout the year, as well as several museums and galleries.


In terms of transportation, Lethbridge is served by the Lethbridge Airport, which offers flights to several Canadian cities, as well as the Lethbridge Transit bus system. The city is also located along the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline, which connects it to other major cities in western Canada.


Lethbridge, Alberta has a long history of passenger rail service, dating back to the early 1900s. At its peak, there were multiple passenger trains running through Lethbridge, connecting it to other cities in Alberta, as well as to destinations in the United States.

However, with the rise of automobile and air travel in the mid-20th century, passenger rail service in Lethbridge and other parts of Canada began to decline. By the 1980s, most of the passenger trains that had served Lethbridge had been discontinued, and the city was left without any direct passenger rail connections.


In recent years, there have been some efforts to revive passenger rail service in Lethbridge and other parts of Alberta. In particular, there have been proposals to establish a high-speed rail network linking Lethbridge, Calgary, and Edmonton, which would offer an alternative to air travel between these cities.


While these proposals have yet to be realized, there is growing interest in the potential for passenger rail service to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide more sustainable transportation options for residents of Alberta and beyond.


Stirling Alberta


Stirling is a small town located in southern Alberta, Canada, about 35 kilometers southeast of Lethbridge. It is situated in the County of Warner No. 5 and has a population of around 1,000 people.


The town was named after Sir James Stirling, the Governor of Western Australia, by a group of Australian Mormon settlers who founded the community in 1899. Today, Stirling is known for its agricultural heritage, with farming and ranching being the primary economic activities in the area.


Stirling is also home to the Stirling Agricultural Village, a National Historic Site of Canada that features several well-preserved early 20th-century agricultural buildings, including a blacksmith shop, a granary, and a creamery. The village hosts an annual threshing bee, which is a celebration of the town's agricultural roots and includes demonstrations of antique farming equipment and techniques.


Warner Alberta


Warner is a village in the southern part of Alberta, Canada. It is located approximately 52 km south of Lethbridge and 35 km north of the Canada-USA border. The village was incorporated in 1910 and has a population of around 350 people as of the 2016 census. The economy of Warner is primarily based on agriculture, with crops such as wheat, barley, and canola being grown in the area. The village is also home to a number of small businesses and services, including a school, post office, community hall, and several parks and recreational facilities.


Milk River Alberta


Milk River is a town in the southern part of Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 4, approximately 70 kilometers south of Lethbridge and 16 kilometers from the Canada-USA border. The town has a population of around 800 people and is part of the County of Warner No. 5.


Milk River was founded in the early 1900s as a Canadian Pacific Railway station along the Lethbridge-Weyburn line. The town was named after the Milk River, which flows nearby and was so named because of the white, milky color of its water.


Milk River is known for its unique sandstone formations, the Milk River Badlands, which are part of Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park. The park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is home to many First Nations petroglyphs and pictographs.


Agriculture is the main industry in Milk River, with crops such as wheat, canola, and barley being grown in the area. There is also a strong ranching community in the region. The town has a few small businesses, including a grocery store, gas station, and hotel.


Coutts Alberta


Coutts is a small town located in southern Alberta, Canada, near the United States border. It is situated about 100 km southeast of Lethbridge and about 2 km north of Sweet Grass, Montana.


The town was named after the former Canadian Minister of Justice and Attorney General, Sir Frederick William Alpin Gordon Coutts. Today, Coutts serves as an important border crossing between Canada and the United States, with a significant amount of trade passing through the area. The town is also home to a few businesses and services for travelers, including restaurants, motels, and gas stations.


Comparable Services in North America


The Cascade Line is a regional passenger rail service that runs between Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The service is operated by Amtrak as part of its Amtrak Cascades brand.


The Cascade Line runs along the coast of the Pacific Ocean, through the Cascade Mountains, and along the shores of several major bodies of water, including Puget Sound and the Columbia River. The route passes through several major cities and towns in the region, including Vancouver, WA; Portland, OR; Olympia, WA; Tacoma, WA; Seattle, WA; and more.


The service is operated with a fleet of Talgo trains, which are lightweight and aerodynamic, and are designed to provide a smooth and comfortable ride for passengers. The trains are equipped with amenities such as onboard Wi-Fi, power outlets, and food and beverage service.


The Cascade Line is a popular transportation option for both commuters and tourists in the Pacific Northwest region. It offers a convenient and comfortable way to travel between major cities in the area, while also providing stunning views of the region's natural beauty.


Amtrak's "Adirondack" train, which runs daily between Montreal and New York City with stops in several cities in New York state, including Albany and Schenectady, before continuing on to Boston.


The Adirondack train offers a scenic journey through the Adirondack Mountains of New York state, passing through historic towns and past picturesque lakes and forests. The train is equipped with amenities such as comfortable seating, free Wi-Fi, power outlets, and food and beverage service.


The journey takes approximately 11 hours and covers a distance of about 449 miles (723 km). Passengers can choose from a variety of seating options, including coach class and business class, which offer more spacious and comfortable seating.


The Adirondack train is a popular transportation option for both business and leisure travelers, providing a convenient and comfortable way to travel between Montreal and Boston, while also offering scenic views along the way.


Florida has several passenger rail options, including both intercity and commuter rail services.


Intercity Passenger Rail:


Amtrak operates several long-distance routes that serve Florida, including the Silver Meteor and Silver Star trains that run between Miami and New York City, with stops in several cities in Florida, including Jacksonville, Orlando, and Tampa.


Brightline is a privately operated high-speed rail service that currently runs between Miami and West Palm Beach, with plans to extend the service to Orlando. The trains offer amenities such as free Wi-Fi, power outlets, and food and beverage service.


Commuter Rail:


Tri-Rail is a commuter rail service that runs between Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and West Palm Beach, with stops at several intermediate stations. The trains operate daily and offer a convenient option for commuters and visitors to the region.


SunRail is a commuter rail service that operates in the Orlando area, with stops in several cities in Central Florida. The trains offer a convenient option for commuters and visitors to the region, as well as access to several popular tourist destinations.

Overall, Florida offers a variety of passenger rail options for travelers and commuters, with plans for expansion and improvement of services in the future.












Rolling Stock Manufacturers


CRA or "Canadian Railcar Industries" was a Canadian manufacturer of passenger rail coaches, which operated from 1984 to 2014. The company was based in Montreal, Quebec, and produced a variety of rail equipment, including commuter rail coaches, light rail vehicles, and intercity railcars.


CRA was known for its innovative designs and high-quality manufacturing. The company's passenger rail coaches were widely used by Canadian and US railway operators, including VIA Rail, Amtrak, and several commuter rail agencies.


Some of CRA's notable products include the Renaissance passenger rail coaches, which were used by VIA Rail on its long-distance routes, and the Comet commuter rail coaches, which were used by several US commuter rail agencies.


Unfortunately, CRA declared bankruptcy in 2014 and ceased operations. However, its legacy of producing high-quality passenger rail coaches lives on, and many of its products are still in use today.


Colorado Railcar was a railcar manufacturing company based in Fort Lupton, Colorado. The company was founded in 1998 and produced a variety of rail equipment, including luxury passenger railcars, commuter rail coaches, and double-decker railcars.

Colorado Railcar was known for its innovative designs and high-quality manufacturing. The company's luxury passenger railcars were particularly popular, featuring amenities such as private bedrooms, bathrooms, and lounges. These railcars were used by luxury rail operators, such as the American Orient Express and the Royal Canadian Pacific.


However, despite its early success, Colorado Railcar faced financial difficulties in the mid-2000s, and the company eventually filed for bankruptcy in 2008. After the bankruptcy, the company's assets were sold off, and the production of its railcars ceased.


Despite its relatively short lifespan, Colorado Railcar made a significant contribution to the rail industry, particularly in the area of luxury passenger railcars. Many of its products are still in use today, and the company's legacy continues to inspire innovation in the railcar manufacturing industry.


Ozark Mountain Railcar is a company that specializes in buying, selling, and leasing railroad equipment, including railcars, locomotives, and track maintenance equipment. The company was founded in 2003 and is based in Salem, Arkansas.


Ozark Mountain Railcar has a large inventory of rail equipment available for sale or lease, including passenger rail cars. The company offers a variety of passenger rail cars, including dome cars, sleepers, dining cars, and baggage cars. These rail cars can be used for a variety of purposes, such as luxury train tours, commuter rail service, and special events.


In addition to leasing and selling rail equipment, Ozark Mountain Railcar also provides services such as inspections, appraisals, and transportation of rail equipment.

Overall, Ozark Mountain Railcar is a reliable source for those interested in purchasing or leasing passenger rail cars, with a wide selection of equipment available and a range of services to support its customers.


VIA HEP (High-Efficiency Product) car is a type of passenger rail car used by VIA Rail Canada, the national passenger rail service in Canada. These cars were first introduced in the late 1970s as a way to modernize and improve the efficiency of VIA Rail's fleet of passenger rail cars.


The VIA HEP cars were designed to be more aerodynamic and energy-efficient than older passenger rail cars, and they feature a number of modern amenities for passengers, including air conditioning, large windows, comfortable seating, and modern onboard technology such as Wi-Fi and power outlets.


One of the key features of the VIA HEP cars is their lightweight design, which allows them to travel faster and more efficiently than older, heavier rail cars. They are also equipped with modern braking systems and other safety features to ensure a smooth and secure ride for passengers.


Overall, the VIA HEP cars have been successful in modernizing VIA Rail's fleet of passenger rail cars and improving the efficiency and comfort of its train services. They continue to be an important part of VIA Rail's operations today.


The Nippon Sharyo 700-series passenger rail cars were a fleet of rail cars manufactured by Nippon Sharyo for use by Amtrak, the national passenger rail service in the United States. However, due to quality control issues with the cars, Amtrak decided to suspend their use in service in 2015 and subsequently cancelled its contract with Nippon Sharyo.

After being taken out of service, many of the 700-series rail cars were stored at the Beech Grove maintenance facility in Indiana, which is operated by Amtrak. However, some of the cars were also stored at the Pullman Standard Complex (PSC) in Chicago, Illinois, which is a former manufacturing site for rail cars that is now used for rail car storage and maintenance.


It is unclear if the 700-series rail cars are still being stored at the PSC, as their disposition has been a subject of ongoing discussions between Amtrak and various state and regional transportation authorities. Some of the cars may be refurbished and put back into service in the future, while others may be sold or scrapped.


VIA’s Renaissance sleeping cars were built by Metropolitan-Cammell ( Alstom ) between 1995-96. These coaches were acquired by VIA Rail in December 2000 and put into service during the summer of 2002. Each coach has 10 rooms with double occupancy. Each room is equipped with a toilet and half of the rooms have showers too. These cars were originally designed for an overnight train called "The Nightstar". Unfortunately, the train was never put into service.

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